The discovery of insulin: 100th anniversary

100th anniversary of Robert Koch's Nobel Prize for the discovery of the tubercle bacillus.

The year 2005 marks the 100th anniversary of Robert Koch's Nobel Prize. Here, we describe the scientific career of Robert Koch, the discoverer of the etiologic agent of tuberculosis but also of those of anthrax, cholera and wound infections. Equally important, Koch developed the methodologies and concepts that made medical microbiology a scientific discipline. Despite great efforts, however, Ko...

Environmental carcinogenesis – 100th anniversary of creating cancer

Asbestos is an environmental carcinogen, and asbestos-related diseases represent a global-scale environmental issue. Mesothelioma is an aggressive, malignant tumor that initially progresses along the surfaces of the pleura and peritoneum that is chiefly attributed to asbestos exposure. X-rays are commonly used for tumor screening in populations at risk for developing this cancer. We previously ...

The 100th Anniversary of the Russian Pavlov Physiological Society.

The first All-Russian Congress of Physiologists was held in Petrograd (Saint Petersburg), Russia in April 1917 at the Medical Institute for Women (11). Ivan Pavlov was the chairman of the organizing committee for this first “Sechenov Physiological Congress,” but he was unable to attend because of a fractured hip sustained in a fall on December 27, 1916 (7). Nevertheless, Pavlov wrote an address...

The 100th anniversary of Armauer Hansen's (1841-1912) death.

The Pi Mu Epsilon 100th Anniversary Problems: Part Ii

As 2014 marks the 100 anniversary of Pi Mu Epsilon, we thought it would be fun to celebrate with 100 problems related to important mathematics milestones of the past century. The problems and notes below are meant to provide a brief tour through some of the most exciting and influential moments in recent mathematics. No list can be complete, and of course there are far too many items to celebra...